A mechanical engineer in the HVAC field? Fact or fiction? Read on to find out!

Mechanical Engineer

Technically, mechanical engineering is the application of the principles and problem-solving techniques of engineering from design to manufacturing, and to the marketplace for any object. Mechanical engineers analyze their work using the principles of energy, motion, and force, ensuring that designs function efficiently, safely, and reliably, all at a competitive cost.

Mechanical engineers design power-producing machines, such as electric generators, internal combustion engines, and steam and gas turbines, as well as power-using machines, such as refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. Mechanical engineers design other machines inside buildings, such as elevators and escalators, according to the BLS.

Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century; however, its development can be traced back several thousand years around the world. In the 19th century, developments in physics led to the development of mechanical engineering science. The field has continually evolved to incorporate advancements; today mechanical engineers are pursuing developments in such areas as composites, mechatronics, and nanotechnology.

Mechanical engineers typically need a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering or mechanical engineering technology. Mechanical engineering programs usually include courses in mathematics and life and physical sciences, as well as engineering and design. Mechanical engineering technology programs focus less on theory and more on the practical application of engineering principles. They may emphasize internships and co-ops to prepare students for work in industry.

HVAC Engineer

HVAC engineering, or Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Engineering, is a mechanical service field. An HVAC mechanical engineer specializes in installing, maintaining, and repairing heating and cooling systems. Refrigeration service is sometimes included, so the position may also be titled as an HVACR engineer.

HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as apartment buildings, single family homes, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals, vehicles such as airplanes, cars, trains, ships and submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.

Most of these engineers work for architectural and engineering firms that design the systems for homes and/or office buildings, hospitals, stores and schools. Air planes, offices, schools, cars, homes, hospitals, malls, restaurants and even space shuttles all need good heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems so that the people who use them are kept comfortable and have clean air to breathe while inside!

HVAC engineers typically need at least a bachelor’s degree. They may obtain their degree in mechanical engineering or HVAC engineering technology. For those seeking the highest quality education who wish to someday become licensed Professional Engineers (PE), it’s important to attend an institution that is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET).

Mechanical & HVAC Engineer Education

Mechanical Engineer

A bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering is necessary for most entry-level positions in the field. Students may also choose to complete a two-year pre-engineering degree and find related work as a mechanical drafter. They can then transfer to a four-year school to finish the remaining baccalaureate requirements. Most employers prefer employees to earn a bachelor’s degree from a program accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET).

Bachelor degree coursework includes intermediate and advanced mathematics, life and physical sciences, engineering and design. Students may spend time in the computer lab, too, working with advanced computer-aided design (CAD) software. Students typically take related courses that will prepare them to specialize in one or more sectors of mechanical engineering.

For example, medical engineering technology coursework focuses less on theory and more on the practical application of design principles. Internships and co-ops in mechanical engineering are often required as part of a degree program. They are indispensable in providing hands-on experience along with an opportunity to develop professional relationships with mentors and industry contacts.

At many schools, students have the option of combining coursework for a bachelor’s and master’s degree as part of a 5-year program. Some colleges offer 5 and 6-year cooperative plans that combine classroom study with practical employment in the field.

HVAC Engineer

Requirements may vary by employer, but in general, HVAC engineers need either an apprenticeship, associate’s degree, or a bachelor’s degree. However, due to the increasing complexity of HVAC technology, it is becoming more common for employers to require an associate’s or bachelor’s degree.

One nationally registered apprenticeship program is the United Association (UA) apprenticeship for heating, cooling, and refrigeration. It lasts 5 years and gives apprentices the opportunity to receive an associate’s degree in addition to paid training.

Engineering technology trade schools, vocational schools, community colleges, and universities can prepare students to become HVAC engineers. Vocational HVAC programs are open to high school students and some programs grant college credit. Community colleges offer programs such as an Associate of Applied Science in HVAC Engineering. Universities offer programs such as a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering and a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering Technology.

Depending on the program, students may choose a specialty, such as commercial or residential. HVAC classes include math, chemistry, physics, and engineering, as well as hands-on training. Typically, entry-level HVAC engineers will receive additional on-the-job training by working with experienced mechanics.

Some states and districts require HVAC engineers to be licensed. Optional certification is available through unions and associations. One option is through the North American Technician Excellence organization. It offers 4 types of certification for HVAC engineers at all levels of their career, from entry- to senior-level. The certification is obtained by passing an exam, and some specialty certifications are available.

Mechanical & HVAC Engineer Job Description

Mechanical Engineer

Some job responsibilities of a mechanical engineer include:

• Assures system and product quality by designing testing methods; testing finished-product and system capabilities; and confirming fabrication, assembly, and installation processes
• Confirms system and product capabilities by designing feasibility and testing methods and properties
• Designs mechanical and electro-mechanical products and systems by developing and testing specifications and methods
• Develops mechanical and electro-mechanical products by studying customer requirements; researching and testing manufacturing and assembly methods and materials; and soliciting observations from operators
• Develops manufacturing processes by designing and modifying equipment for fabricating, building, assembling, and installing components
• Evaluates mechanical and electro-mechanical systems and products by designing and conducting research programs and applying principles of mechanics, thermodynamics, hydraulics, heat transfer, and materials
• Prepares product reports by collecting, analyzing, and summarizing information and trends
• Provides engineering information by answering questions and requests

HVAC Engineer

Some job responsibilities of a HVAC engineer include:

• Application and selection of air terminal devices such as variable air volume boxes, grilles and diffusers, and louvers
• Application and selection of various types of HVAC equipment including air handling units, fans, coils, condensing units, and furnaces
• Detailed load estimating utilizing computer software simulation. Includes knowledge of building construction materials, knowledge of meeting outdoor air requirements for indoor air quality, and general understanding of internal heat loads (ie lights, computers, equipment, etc.)
• Design and layout of commercial and industrial duct systems including supply, return, exhaust, ventilation, and dust collection systems
• Design, application, and selection of hydronic systems and steam/condensate systems including chillers, boilers, cooling towers, pumps, and associated system accessories
• General knowledge of HVAC system controls is desirable. Includes development of general HVAC temperature control diagrams and written sequences of operation
• General knowledge of plumbing design would be beneficial but not required. Would include general knowledge of the plumbing code and specific requirements for sanitary sewer and vent piping design, storm sewer piping design, and domestic hot and cold water piping design

Mechanical Engineer in the HVAC Field

The role of a mechanical engineer in the HVAC field is very similar to that of a HVAC engineer. The only significant difference that may be asked of engineers that come from these similar backgrounds, is that a mechanical engineer in the HVAC field may focus on the theoretical side of the company’s operations than the HVAC engineer. 

The mechanical engineer could be asked to stick to duties like: the design and creation of piping, ducts, and other HVAC drawings on AutoCAD, 3D modeling of coil design assembly and parts for tolerances using Autodesk Inventor, drawing specification, inspection and approval, cost estimation, bill of materials and job order preparation. These responsibilities do not require a hands-on knowledge of HVAC equipment, and while the mechanical engineer is carrying out these tasks, they can be developing their knowledge of actual HVAC systems.

A HVAC engineer on the other hand can then focus on diagnosing the existing issues based on field visits observation and calculations and modified to reduce frictional losses, performing energy audits and retro-commissioning assignments to identify and analyze energy conservation measures and monitoring project risks and scope creep to identify potential problems and proactively identifying solutions to address. These responsibilities require a good understanding of HVAC systems and once the mechanical engineer in the HVAC field has gained enough experience through attending site visits and meetings with the HVAC engineer, they will be able to fulfill these duties as well.

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